Ophthalmologic examination is a battery of tests performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes. All people should have periodic and thorough ophthalmologic examinations as part of routine care by the primary care physician, especially since many eye diseases are silent or asymptomatic. By performing ophthalmologic examination and testing both the function and anatomy of the eye are being evaluated. The common diagnostic tests are corneal endothelial microscopy or specular microscopy. The endothelial count is a means of evaluating the integrity of the inner surface of the cornea, when intra- ocular surgery is under consideration, or certain other indications are present.

A light source reflects light from the rear of the cornea, through a microscope to a photographic attachment. Pictures of the cell layer are made, a reference scale permits a count of the cells to be made, expressed as so many cells per square millimeter. The normal range is 3,000 to 5,000 and below 2,000 is abnormal. An attachment to the microscope permits concurrent measurement of the thickness of the cornea or pachymetry to be made. And those procedures include, corneal topography. It used computer assisted technique in which a special instrument projects a series of light rings on the cornea, creating a color coded map of the corneal surface, as well as a cross section profile. The test is used for the subtle detection of corneal surface irregularity and astigmatism. This can also be referred to as Corneal Modeling System Analysis. In fluorescein angiography it used a fundus photography with a retinal camera, performed in rapid sequence after injection of intravenous fluorescein dye. It also include multi-frame photography. Fundus photography involves the use of a retinal camera to photograph regions of the vitreous, retina, choroid and optic nerve. While in gonioscopy is perfomed with the use of goniolens, a special type of contact lens which allows for the examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, including the trabecular region. The indocyanine green angiography used a variant of ordinary fluorescein angiography. Ophthalmic biometry used a partial coherence interferometry to utilize a device called IOL Master which measures the axial length of the eye and may be considered medically appropriate as part of the preoperative work up of patients undergoing cataract removal. With ophthalmoscopy the procedure involves dilation of the pupil with eye drops and examination of the posterior segment of the eye using an indirect ophthalmoscope. The evaluation may also include lens examination with slit-lamp, drawing or sketch, as well as medical diagnostic evaluation. And lastly, scanning computerized ophthalmic diagnostic imaging or SCODI may be used for early detection of glaucoma. It can also identify 20% of patients with elevated intraocular pressure and early glaucoma damage to those without diagnosed patients. Scanning computerized ophthalmic diagnostic imaging can visualize field than disc photos or fundus photography could. This will allow early treatment of the disease and prevent unnecessary medical or surgical therapy.